Some Most Notable Science Fair Projects
Posted: July 31, 2011 Filed under: Guest Post Leave a comment »Guest Post by Kaitlyn Cole
While science fair projects still typically consist of paper mache volcanoes, LEGO robots, and crystals grown in a jar, many students these days are going above and beyond the staples, taking on projects that would even be awe-inspiring as a college thesis. From exploring the effectiveness of cancer treatments to revolutionizing the disposal of plastics, these students prove you don’t have to be an adult to have amazing, world-changing ideas about science. Take a look at these 20 amazing science fair projects we’ve listed here. They may just inspire you to step up your game in your own college-level science courses.
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Nuclear Fusion Reactor, Thiago Olsen:
With a budget of only $3,500, this Michigan high school student built a nuclear fusion reactor in his garage when he was only 15 years old. How did he do it? He studied physics textbooks, used vacuum pump manuals, and surfed the web for the best deals on parts. While his device is not self-sustaining and produces fusion only on a small scale, it’s a pretty impressive feat for any teenager.
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Diesel Hybrid Car, West Philadelphia High School:
Working as a team at West Philadelphia High School, students constructed a diesel-hybrid race car that can go from 0-60 in just four seconds. If that speed wasn’t already impressive enough, the vehicle also gets more than 60 miles to the gallon. The students constructed it for entry into the Automotive X contest, with a grand prize of $10 million — the only high schoolers in the nation to do so. They are reworking their design to improve their chances of winning, and hope to get the car up to 100 MPG.
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Chemical-Sniffing LEGO Robot, Anna Simpson:
Many a science fair project involve LEGOs, but few on the level that Anna Simpson’s does. Her robot, built of the plastic blocks, is capable of sniffing out toxic chemicals and other hazards, keeping humans at a safe distance. Simpson’s work won her the California State Science Fair and could have a number of industrial and public safety applications if adapted.
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Spacecraft Navigation Software, Erika DeBenedictis:
This bright, young rising star in the scientific community came up with some ingenious software for helping spacecraft move faster and use less fuel while navigating the many obstacles in the vacuum of space. Her amazing software won a substantial award from the Intel Foundation, and more than likely will help assure her a future career at NASA.
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Plastic-Eating Microbes, Daniel Burd:
Plastic that is simply dumped into landfills can take centuries to decompose, if it ever really does, but this young thinker came up with a better way. Burd beat out leading scientists to discovering a microbe that eats plastic, increasing the rate of decomposition by more than 40%. This project won him the Canada-Wide Science Fair and garnered a fair amount of international media attention as well.
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Space Exploration Balloon, IES La Bisbal School:
The students at this Spanish school produced a science fair project that was out of this world — literally. A team of four students sent a camera-operated weather balloon into the stratosphere, snagging atmospheric readings and stunning photographs more than 20 miles above the Earth’s surface.
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Cancer and Chicken Marinades, Lauren Hodge:
At just 14 years old, Lauren Hodge is getting a jumpstart on a science career with this amazing project, which won her an award at the international Google Science Fair competition. So what did she find? Some chicken marinades block carcinogenic compounds from forming when chicken is grilled — a process known to raise the level of carcinogens in meat. Among the marinades she tested, lemon juice was the most successful, so consider these stellar findings the next time you’re hosting a backyard BBQ.
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Image-Based Search Engine, David Liu:
While most search engines work at dissecting the web’s textual information, David Liu’s pet project is all about creating one that looks at images instead. While he is still working to perfect his software, Liu’s search engine is already being used in the real world, analyzing satellite images and making relevant web searches much more effective. An impressive feat for a 17-year-old.
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Problems with Ovarian Cancer Treatment, Shree Bose:
Taking top prize at the Google Science Fair, Bose will get to spend several weeks studying marine life in the Galapagos Islands. The work that netted her this prize is awe-inspiring coming from a teenager. Bose uncovered a number of problems with popular ovarian cancer treatments and drugs, producing a report that would be more at home in a medical journal than a high school classroom. Hopefully, this will influence some changes in how treatment is doled out to suffering patients.
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Computer Speed Enhancing Software, Kevin Ellis:
Slow computers are the bane of every office worker’s existence, but with the work of Kevin Ellis, an unresponsive machine may be a thing of the past. Rather than upgrading computers with more memory, Ellis has developed software that analyzes how programs are running and spreads out their needs over all the CPUs to make everything more quickly. His amazing software netted him $50,000 and the rest of the world a way to speed up computers that may have otherwise been tossed out.
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Quantum Computing for Difficult Computational Problems, Yale Fan:
Despite his name, this young genius chose Harvard over Yale to continue working on his education. Part of what got him there, undoubtedly, was this impressive bit of science. Yale’s research project, titled “Adiabatic Quantum Algorithms for Boolean Satisfiability” analyzed the applications of quantum computing for solving some of the most complex and difficult computational problems. Most adults don’t have half an idea what that even means, so it’s all the more impressive that this teen was already studying it in high school.
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Photodynamic Cancer Therapy, Amy Chyao:
The definitive cure for cancer is still undoubtedly a long way off, but young researchers like Amy Chyao are certainly helping in the fight with innovative new ideas. Amy’s science project used photodynamic therapy to target and kill cancer cells. The project was so promising, it garnered her the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair award in 2010.
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Antarctic Submersible, Ryan Garner and Amanda Wilson:
These two teens have come up with an amazing way to do research on climate change. With a budget of $5,000, the pair built an underwater rover designed to take on the challenges of some of the harshest conditions in the world — like those at the Antarctic Circle. Equipped with a camera, the device can explore and take measurements, and is currently being used by the University of California-Santa Barbara to study marine life.
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Nuclear Weapon Detector, Taylor Wilson:
Sixteen year-old Taylor Wilson began his nuclear detection project at the age of only 11. Supported by his parents and a grant from Homeland Security, he eventually created a device that can reliably detect nuclear weapons and explosive materials as vehicles pass through his drive-through sensor.
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Teaching Robots to Speak English, Luke Taylor:
South African Luke Taylor submitted this amazing project to Google’s Science Fair, which lets humans communicate more easily with robots. His software translates the English language into code that the robot can then understand and execute — allowing just about anyone, anywhere to program one to perform a variety of functions. Even more impressive? Taylor is just 13 years old.
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Better Password Technology, Jacob Buckman:
How many of your online passwords are truly secure? If you’re like most people, probably not many. This young man may have come up with a solution, monitoring the biometrics of how people type to create a more secure way of gaining online account access. He discovered that passwords using the length of time between keystrokes and the length of time keys were held down could be just as accurate and potentially more secure than traditional passwords.
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Asthma and Air Quality, Naomi Shah:
Taking home top prize in her age group at the Google Science Fair, Shah’s work takes a critical look at the air quality in the world today — and the impact it can have on those suffering from breathing disorders like asthma. She created a mathematical model that helps quantify the effects of air quality on symptoms. And had a few harsh words about the U.S. Clean Air Act as well, based on her findings.
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Mind Controlled Prosthetic Limbs, Anand Srinivasan:
It’s hard to believe that this awe-inspiring science project came from the mind of a 14-year-old. Hooking his brain up to an EEG scanner, Srinivasan worked to test out a new method of improving mind-controlled prosthetic limbs. He found that data from the EEG could help with data classification and signal processing when using them, providing a better and more efficient user experience.
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Managing the Power of Household Devices, Ankush Gupta:
You likely have a lot of vampires in your home, and not the sexy Hollywood kind either. These are energy vampires, and they’re sucking up and wasting energy that you’re still paying for. Gupta has come up with a solution with this amazing science project using demotic technology. By monitoring energy use around the home, Gupta’s system allows users to manage the power states of computers and other devices around the home to reduce energy usage and save money
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Reducing CO2 Emissions, Jun Bing and Alec Wang:
Using a process known as acid base neutralization, Bing and Wang developed a device capable of sequestering carbon dioxide gas released from cars (and other sources) that burn fossil fuel. Not only does it remove the harmful substance from the air, but also collects in a way so it can be stored, used, or sold.
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Surprising Patterns Found in Glacial Melting
Posted: July 31, 2011 Filed under: climate change, Global Warming Leave a comment »
During the last prolonged warm spell on Earth, the oceans were at least four meters — and possibly as much as 6.5 meters, or about 20 feet — higher than they are now. Where did all that extra water come from? Mainly from melting ice sheets on Greenland and Antarctica, and many scientists, including University of Wisconsin-Madison geoscience assistant professor Anders Carlson, have expected that Greenland was the main culprit.
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Doomsday Blogs
Posted: July 30, 2011 Filed under: Guest Post 2 Comments »Guest Post by Melanie Slaugh
When faced with a conversation about Doomsday people are either really scared or really skeptical. I think I fall in the latter of the two choices. There are a lot of people out there talking about it though. There have been so many dates given that were supposed to be the “End of the World”. We’re still here. I don’t believe we will have advance notice if and when the end does come, but check out these 20 blogs all about “Doomsday”.
- Blog.2012pro.com : This blog talks about sunspots being the evidence pointing to Doomsday happening in 2012. Next year we could all be dead. That is definitely a very sad thought. This site is not kept up and I found the last post to be in Jan. so maybe the blogger already found his doomsday?
- Ofsinitiate.blogspot.com: Following a rant about a show on the History Channel regarding Doomsday 2012 she does get into some very interesting points about the end times. She points out a lot of misinformation that has come and gone about Doomsday predictions. Her dry sense of humor makes this blog a fun read if you are into that sort of thing. She has a lot of historical facts, which lend credibility to what she’s saying. She has been a blogger since 2005 so I think she is here for the long haul.
- Survival-spot.com: In a funny and sarcastic way this blog lists 10 items you would need to survive should the worst happen. Many of the items say “nerd approved” so they seem to be poking fun at themselves. Yes, this survival stuff exists and I have to say that if the worse did happen it is probably going to be the people that are prepared that survive. It would be a shame if all that survived for the human race were weird, paranoid flakes.
- Blog.Endtimeclothing.com: Containing an hour long video regarding proof that Islam is the “beast” referred to in the book of Revelation regarding the “end times’ this blog is an interesting one to check out. It also talks about RFID implantations and there’s a 10 min. video about how there will be no mandatory implantation of these devices. Some feel that these RFID devices will be the mark of the devil.
- Doomsdayblogger.blogspot.com: How many times has a “Doomsday” been predicted? Many that I can remember and I haven’t been listening all these years. This blog touches on the many different Doomsday predictions, books and movies. This blogger tries to debunk some of the claims and makes fun of others, but this really is a great collection of the many different claims over the centuries.
- Opowell.wordpress.com : The Doomsday Blog is the name of this blog. It’s filled with the back-story to why the world is going to end on Dec. 21, 2012. This date is the newest “Doomsday” date. This blog talks about how the date was determined. This guy is out there and discusses other interesting topics such as “Leathernecks” and “Grand theft auto in Greenwich”. An interesting read if nothing else.
- Gerrymaxeyworkshop.com: The Daily Grand and Sundry is the title of this very interesting blog. This blogger has done his homework, but seems a bit torn in his views. Perhaps, he is so knowledgeable that he just wants to do three different blogs about Doomsday. This blog is for futurists and concentrates on the belief that humans will be extinct in 100 years and it’s all because we are living very greedy lives and damaging the earth beyond the point that we can fix it.
- Everydaychristian.com: Living like a Christian is one of the categories on this blog, but discussion of Harold Camping’s prediction that the world would end on May 21st, 2010. Obviously the day came and went and Camping caught a lot of flack about being wrong. This blog is an interesting read.
- Theendtimesblog.blogspot.com: An in depth look at how the end times (doomsday) relates to the bible and Christian beliefs. An intriguing video laying out some proof to back up a theory about what the end times will be like. More articles detailing things that are happening in the news today that relate to doomsday and close we are getting to it.
- Endtimesprophecy.com: An interesting compilation of end times or Doomsday articles and stories. Stories about dreams and visions about the end times. Scripture verses pulled and researched as to how and when the end will come. Various testimonials regarding the end times are also available.
- Christianblogs.christianet.com: As you can imagine by reading the title of this blog, it delves deeply in the Christian faith and how it relates to Doomsday. There are a ton of references to scripture verses and each one is analyzed as how it relates to the end times.
- The-end-time.blogspot.com: With many videos regarding news events and other phenomena this blog does a good job of laying out a huge amount of information regarding the end times or Doomsday. The details of sinks holes, earth quakes, snow in the desert, eclipses and more are quite and interesting read.
- Hatikvah1.com: This website centers around the Jewish faith, but includes some Christianity as well. It points out how God has big plans for Israel during the end times because it is the “center of the world”. Many articles are included on this blog to help teach and enlighten people about Judaism.
- Timesnear.com: Judgment day, rapture, the second coming are all discussed on this blog. Will we know when the end is going to happen? This blogger feels that we will not know when the day is. Great articles about whether the “Rapture” and the “Second coming” will happen at the same time or not.
- Pbs.org: Now this isn’t your typical Doomsday blog, but NOVA did a great job on describing the Doomsday asteroid that is to fall to the earth in 2012. Funny how that coincides with the other predictions about the end of the world.
- Lewrockwell.com: Or if you read this site the world could end due to an asteroid named Apophis on April 13, 2036. Currently the asteroid is not on a collision course with earth. However, on April 13, 2029 the trajectory of the asteroid could change. It could change enough to hit the earth 7 years later.
- Readyfordoomsday.com: An in depth look at the Mayan calendar. This is the very old calendar that is being used and has been used for centuries to predict “Doomsday”. This blogger is taking the description in bite-sized pieces to make it more palatable. The Mayan calendar is nothing if not complex.
- Ginandtacos.com: And if we hadn’t gotten bizarre enough on this set of blogs we have this blog who delves into Doomsday cults and what they are up to.
- Democraticunderground.com: Prompting discussion about the blogger that predicted Doomsday and the panic that ensued. Apparently cargo containers are what the survivors will live in during the end. They are being retrofitted with doors and air conditioning. The most recent natural disasters are also being drawn into the conspiracy.
- Bonfiresblog.wordpress.com: Another in depth look at the Mayan calendar. This blogger identifies why the world will not end in 2012. He details how the ancient Hopi Indians prophesies that the world will end during the fifth world. Every time earth has suffered a devastating blow they count that as a world. It’s all very interesting.
Erosion to devour 3,000 hectares of land on riverbanks of Ganga,Jamuna and Padma this year in Bangladesh
Posted: July 27, 2011 Filed under: Landforms, water Leave a comment »
Around 2,428 hectares of cultivable land and 413 hectares of settlement on the banks of Jamuna, Ganges and Padma rivers will disappear due to erosion this year.Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) and Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services (CEGIS) have made the prediction through analysing satellite images.
BWDB has started protective works in several vulnerable areas on both banks of Jamuna, Ganges and Padma but river erosion has turned serious in many places including Sariakandi and Dhunat upazilas of Bogra district, said AKM Momtaz Uddin, executive engineer of BWDB, Bogra.cultivable land along with 50,339 hectares of settlement were eroded due to erosion by Jamuna, Ganges and Padma rivers during the period from 1973 to 2011.
In 2010, the rivers Jamuna, Ganges and Padma eroded more than 3,047 hectares of cultivable land and 332 hectares of settlements with 15 establishments including two health centres. At least 48 establishments including 35 educational institutions and two health centres are vulnerable to erosion along the Jamuna and Padma rivers. About 23,100 people on the riverbanks lost their shelter due to erosion in the last year, BWDB sources said.
BWDB and CEGIS predict that 24,270 people will become homeless and landless due to the erosion of the three rivers this year. The highest 18,000 people on the bank of the Jamuna will become landless and homeless this year.
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Cleveland volcano in Alaska Could Erupt at Any Moment
Posted: July 24, 2011 Filed under: Remote Sensing 101, Satellites, Volcanoes Leave a comment »
The Alaska Volcano Observatory has issued an eruption advisory for the 5,676 foot-tall Cleveland Volcano, located on the uninhabited island of Chuginadak in the Aleutian chain about 940 miles southwest of Anchorage.
The advisory was based on “thermal anomalies” detected by satellite, the observatory said . Those measurements indicate the volcano could erupt at any moment, spewing ash clouds up to 20,000 feet above sea level with little further warning, the observatory said.Recent satellite images of a remote Alaska volcano along a flight route for major airlines show it may be poised for its first big eruption in 10 years, scientists said.
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Animal Species Soon To Go Extinct
Posted: July 23, 2011 Filed under: BIODIVERSITY, Guest Post Leave a comment »Guest Post by Anna Miller
Some endangered species get all the attention. Polar bears, pandas, and Siberian tigers are hotshots in mainstream conservation campaigns and are featured in various commercials, complete with melodramatic music and emotional appeals. But there are many animal species that are just as close or closer to extinction than these select few. And many of them are equally cute. The following animals are all considered to be critically endangered and could disappear within our lifetimes.
Less famous than its ground-dwelling, boxing relatives, the golden-mantled tree kangaroo (pictured above) has jumped onto the list of species facing extinction. It looks similar to a kangaroo or wallaby, but has strong forearms and a long ringed tail. Tree kangaroos also have rubbery soles on shorter, wider feet to make them more adept at climbing than kangaroos on the ground. Though they are slow and clumsy on land, tree kangaroos move expertly through trees, wrapping their forearms around a limb and using the hind legs to propel themselves up. They also leap with ease between trees. The golden-mantled tree kangaroo lives in the forested areas of a mountain range in Papua New Guinea and was discovered in Indonesia in 2006 by a group of scientists. As more of the forest is cleared away to be made into cultivated land, the tree kangaroo’s home is shrinking — bad news when it has been run out of 99% of its historical habitat range. In 2008 there were only 250 of its kind left, and experts expect the number to drop under 200 in the next 10 years or so
Siau Island Tarsier
This Gremlin-esque little guy comes, unsurprisingly, from the island of Siau in Indonesia. Tarsiers are nocturnal primates with
extremely large eyes, soft fur, and long fingers and feet. Researchers believe the Siau Island tarsier numbers in the low thousands, and local residents have said they’ve seen fewer and fewer of these tarsiers during the past 10 years. Take into account that more than half of the animal’s home is an active volcano and that the island’s human population is rumored to regularly eat five to 10 tarsiers in one sitting, and the future’s not looking good for this species. In fact, it was put on the 2008-2010 list of the 25 most endangered primates, ranking up there with heavyweight names like the Sumatran Orangutan and Cross River Gorilla.
A slightly smaller version of your average sloth found only on one small island off the coast of Panama, the pygmy three-toed sloth is inching its way toward extinction with presumably fewer than 500 of its kind remaining. Though apparently not helping it survive human threats, this sloth’s set of skills includes the ability to turn its head 360 degrees and to grow algae on its fur. The algae is thought to be a sort of camouflage, but it hasn’t been able to protect the sloth from fishermen, who hunt the sloths and can spot them easily in their habitats near open sea. And while sloths have gotten a bad name for being lazy, what with the whole seven deadly sins thing, maybe that reputation will help them in this instance. Hopefully when it comes to extinction, these sloths will go very slowly.
Beluga
If something’s not done to protect the beluga, the rich and famous may have to do without their caviar
dreams permanently. The beluga, or European sturgeon, is one of the few sturgeons whose egg masses are used to make traditional caviar. Because of this notoriety, though, the beluga is frequently overfished and poached. And because it takes about 15 years for a beluga to mature, it is difficult for the fish to recover from being hunted. Not to be confused with the beluga whale, this ugly fish looks like something that could’ve gone extinct with the dinosaurs. A fully grown sturgeon can grow up to 15 feet long and weigh 2500 pounds. The largest one ever recorded was more than 3000 pounds and measured almost 25 feet. But the numbers of this big fish are dwindling, decreasing about 90% during the last 60 years. Most of the beluga in the world today are raised in hatcheries, and it may not be long until this animal is extinct in the wild.
You would think that a mammal that is able to fly would be evolved enough to avoid facing extinction, but that’s not the case with the
Namdapha flying squirrel. Being fuzzy and adorable apparently isn’t helping either. This squirrel has only been found in one park in northeastern India so it is in great danger of disappearing. Among the top threats to the squirrel are human and animal predators and the degradation of its habitat. Like other flying squirrels, the Namdapha flying squirrel is able to soar from tree to tree using a parachute-like muscle membrane on the sides of its body. As it’s soaring, the squirrel is able to steer itself by moving its legs, tail and the membrane. The main differences between this squirrel and its cousins, like Rocky the Flying Squirrel, are the coloring and some variations in its features. Maybe this flying squirrel needs some help from Bullwinkle to save the day.
This species of cat is just about out of lives. The near-relative to the common bobcat has earned the title of “world’s most threatened species of cat” and could become the first feral cat to become extinct in about 2000 years. The Iberian lynx lives in Spain and possibly in Portugal, and while this cat’s preferred food is rabbits, it has been forced to hunt other types of prey as the rabbit population has decreased drastically due to disease. The lynx has also increasingly been killed by speeding traffic on Spain’s growing network of roads. In 2000, there were thought to be 400 Iberian lynx remaining. By 2003, that number had been cut to about 160 and then possibly to 100 by 2005. It’s rumored that the Spanish government is releasing rabbits into the wild to replenish the lynx’s hunting grounds and organizations are calling for the closure of the busiest road that runs through the lynx habitat. It’s yet to be seen if these actions could help this cat species land on its feet.
Considered by many to be the world’s most beautiful tortoise species, the radiated tortoise is in a losing race against time. It’s found on the southern coast of Madagascar, and though it once numbered in the millions, it has been hunted to a point that the species may not survive. People use its meat for food, but it is also said to be an aphrodisiac — some people from China will pay $50 to eat one. The bright star pattern on its shell also makes the tortoise a commodity in the illegal pet trade market. Madagascar park authorities and law enforcement are poorly equipped to deal with poachers, and the poachers have even started hunting the radiated tortoise on protected areas, like reserves or World Heritage Sites. Some scientists have predicted that this tortoise could be extinct in 20 years if drastic measures aren’t taken.
Only two kinds of monk seals still exist: the Hawaiian monk seal and the Mediterranean monk seal. And both are close to extinction. To make matters more serious, the third monk seal species, the Caribbean monk seal, went extinct sometime in the last 60 years. (To make matters less serious, native Hawaiians call their monk seal ‘Ilio-holo-i-ka-uaua, a name that means “dog that runs in rough water.”) The threats to monk seals include angry fisherman who are afraid they can’t compete with the seals for fish, water pollution and the use of boats and the beaches where seals frequent. There are about 1000 Hawaiian monk seals alive today, but experts predict that number will fall to 200 in the next 20 years. Only 350 to 450 Mediterranean monk seals remain and that number is also falling.
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This blue-and-yellow Bolivian bird has quickly decreased in number during the past few generations. Its bright feathers makes it a favorite as a pet, and though it’s illegal to trade macaws, it continues to happen. Parrot-stealing seems like the perfect crime for a pirate. There are also a few instances of the bird being hunted for its feathers to make indigenous headdresses or for its meat to bait fish hooks. This parrot’s habitat is also being threatened because it’s located on cattle farms where trees are being cut down to create pastures and provide fuel. The blue-throated macaw is also facing competition for nesting sites from other birds such as toucans and big woodpeckers, as well as other macaws. There are only about 300 blue-throated macaws in the wild today.
No matter how many bat signals Florida authorities cast into the sky, the bonneted bats aren’t coming out. This bat, Florida’s largest with a wingspan of up to 18 inches, is named for its big ears that stick out over its eyes like a hat and can only be found on the southern tip of the state. It lives in hollowed-out trees, in suburban places like attics or under Spanish roof tiles and sometimes in foliage or under rocks. But because the suitable hiding places are normally older buildings or trees with large cavities, many of the bat’s habitats are being destroyed, by both humans and hurricanes. With only 250 or so bonneted bats left, this species could be on its way out. Holy extinction, Batman!
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Dama gazelles used to graze all across northern Africa, presumably showing up in herds to join in a chorus of “The Circle of Life.” But now the animals that once numbered up to 10,000 on just one reserve can only be found in a few isolated areas in Chad, Mali, and Niger. Experts say there are definitely less than 500 of these gazelles left in the wild and they can’t be found in groups of more than 20, which are normally hundreds of miles apart. The main threats to this gazelle are hunting by nomads, military and hunting parties, and a loss of its habitat because of overgrazing of domestic livestock. The dama gazelle is expected to follow the same path out of the circle of life as the Scimitar-horned Oryx, which is now extinct in the wild.
Drought and Forest Fire Prediction System Devised for Amazon
Posted: July 22, 2011 Filed under: BIODIVERSITY Leave a comment »
Researchers have devised a model to anticipate drought and forest fires in the Amazon rainforest.
The research, which used precipitation records dating back to 1970 and hotspots tracked by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard NASA satellites, finds a strong correlation between sea surface temperatures in the tropical North Atlantic and subsequent drought in the western Amazon. Drought in the Amazon is increasingly associated with forest fires due to land-clearing fires set by agricultural developers and cattle ranchers.The researchers, led by Katia Fernandes of Columbia University, conclude that their model could be used to forecast drought up the three months in advance, giving authorities a window to alert ranchers and farmers about the increased risk of using fire to clear land during the dry season, which typically runs from July-September. Coupled with its existing satellite-based deforestation monitoring capabilities, the warning system could prove useful to Brazil as it aims to reduce deforestation rates under its national climate action plan.
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Heat of The Earth:Where Does it Come From?
Posted: July 19, 2011 Filed under: earth Leave a comment »The earth is a heat engine. It remains geologically and biologically active, and evolves, because there are two great sources of energy. One source of energy is from the earth’s molten core (that drives the geology), and the second is from the sun (that drives life and the atmosphere.)However, considering the fact that the solar system began as a cloud of gas and dust that was near absolute zero we might wonder where the earth’s internal heat came from to drive the plate tectonics. The problem is more perplexing when we realize that virtually every other planetary body in the solar system (including some moons that are larger than some planets) is geologically dead (they have no internal heat of their own). Similarly, the earth is the only planetary body we know at present that is biologically alive too.
Earth may have formed more than 4.5 billion years ago, but it’s still cooling. A new study reveals that only about half of our planet’s internal heat stems from natural radioactivity. The rest is primordial heat left over from when Earth first coalesced from a hot ball of gas, dust, and other material.The new finding comes from experiments carried out deep inside a Japanese mountain. Itaru Shimizu, a particle physicist at Tohoku University in Sendai, Japan, and his colleagues used geoneutrinos—particles produced in a variety of ways, particularly during certain types of radioactive decay—to more directly estimate the amount of radiogenic heat produced inside Earth.
44 terawatts of heat!
We all know that the Earth runs on massive amounts of heat – enough to melt iron in the outer core, create magnetic field, spread the
sea floors and move the continents. However, where all this heat comes from was a mystery until now. According to a new research, only about half of our planet’s internal heat stems from natural radioactivity. The rest is primordial heat left over from the planet’s formation, and possibly others. Geologists estimate that some 44 terawatts (44 trillion watts) of heat is constantly flowing out of the Earth’s interior into space.
Where does it come from?
Geologists relied on temperature measurements from more than 20,000 boreholes around the world. Radioactive decay of uranium, thorium, and potassium in Earth’s crust and mantle is a principal source, and in 2005 scientists in the KamLAND collaboration, based in Japan, first showed that there was a way to measure the contribution directly. Using the Kamioka Liquid-scintillator Antineutrino Detector (KamLAND) located under a mountain in Japan, they analysed geoneutrinos – emitted by decaying radioactive materials within the Earth.
Algae that Can Produce Their Own Biofuel
Posted: July 13, 2011 Filed under: Alternative Energy, BIODIVERSITY Leave a comment »
A team of researchers led by University of Kentucky College of Agriculture Professor Joe Chappell is making a connection between prehistoric times and the present — ancient algae that can produce their own biofuel — that could result in genetically creating a replacement for oil and coal shale deposits. Their discovery could have fundamental implications for the future of Earth’s energy supplies.
Botryococcus braunii, Race B, is an ancient, colony-forming green alga that has attracted interest because it accumulates large amounts of high-value, petrochemical replacement oils. The oil oozing from the algal colony is evident in this picture. (Credit: Photograph courtesy of Taylor Weiss, Andreas Holzenburg, Stanislav Vitha and Timothy P. Devarenne at Texas A&M University
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Satellite of India’s GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) in Position
Posted: July 11, 2011 Filed under: Remote Sensing 101, Satellites, Space Leave a comment »
The satellite to operate the GPS-Aided Geo Augmented Navigation (GAGAN) system that will offer seamless navigation to air traffic over the Indian Ocean and the Indian airspace, has been positioned.
India will become the fourth in the world to adopt this system which would enhance the accuracy and integrity of GPS signals to meet precision approach requirements in the civil aviation, official sources said.Others using similar technologies are the US, the European Union and Japan.
Once operational, GAGAN would provide augmented information for satellite navigation to aircraft flying over Indian airspace and routes over high seas with high level of accuracy, integrity and continuity during the entire flight operations – from take-off to landing, they said.
The GAGAN transmitter is to be integrated with the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) to provide an SBAS over Indian airspace.
The project is currently in the final operational phase and is scheduled to be completed by June 2013.
The system would use eight reference stations located in Delhi, Guwahati, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Thiruvananthapuram, Bangalore, Jammu and Port Blair, and a master control centre at Bangalore to provide navigation and air traffic management over the entire Indian airspace and Indian Ocean area — from Southeast Asia to the African shores.
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